Plumbing Resource Guide
Frozen pipes are one of the biggest plumbing threats in Western Massachusetts. Every winter, they cause thousands of dollars in damage to homes across Hampden, Hampshire, and Franklin counties. Here's how to prevent them and what to do if they freeze.
When water freezes inside a pipe, it expands with enormous force — up to 2,000 PSI. This cracks copper, bursts PEX, and splits galvanized pipes. Pipes in exterior walls, uninsulated crawl spaces, garages, and attics are most vulnerable. Our sustained sub-zero temperatures make this an annual risk.
Pipe insulation is the first line of defense. Foam pipe sleeves cost pennies per foot and are easy to install. Focus on pipes in unheated spaces — basements, crawl spaces, garages, and exterior walls. Pay special attention to pipes near exterior walls in kitchens and bathrooms.
For pipes that freeze repeatedly despite insulation, electric heat tape (heat cable) provides active warming. Self-regulating heat tape adjusts output based on pipe temperature and is safe for long-term use. A licensed plumber can install it properly.
Never let your home temperature drop below 55°F, even when away. Open cabinet doors under sinks on exterior walls to let warm air reach pipes. During extreme cold, let faucets drip slightly — moving water is much harder to freeze.
If you turn on a faucet and nothing comes out during a cold snap, you likely have a frozen pipe. Keep the faucet open. Apply gentle heat with a hair dryer or space heater — never use a torch or open flame. If you can't locate or thaw the pipe, call a plumber immediately.
If a frozen pipe bursts, shut off the main water valve immediately. Turn on faucets to relieve pressure. Call a plumber for emergency repair. Document the damage with photos for your insurance claim. Start water removal and drying as soon as possible to prevent mold.
